UBRARY 
6 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  BOARD  OF  HEALTH 


'M  27  IS33 


SAVE  THE  BABIES 


BY 


L.  EMMETT  HOLT,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons (Columbia  University),  New  York;  Attending 
Physician  to  the  Babies'  Hospital 


AND 


HENRY  L.  K.  SHAW,  M.C. 

Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children  in  Albany  Medical  College  (Union 
University),  Albany,  N.  Y.;  Attending  Physician  to  St.  Margaret's  ;*:**7 
Hospital  for  Infants;  Director  of  the  Division  of  Child 
Hygiene,  New  York  State  Department  of  Health 


ISSUED  BY  THE  CALIFORNIA  STATE  BOARD  OF  HEALTH 
FOR  FREE  DISTRIBUTION 

Other  Copies  may  be  Obtained  by  Applying  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Board, 
Sacramento,  California 


SAVE  THE  BABIES 


This  Pamphlet  was  Prepared  by 
L.     EMMETT     HOLT,     M.D.,     LL.D. 

Professor    of    Diseases    of    Children    in    the    College    of    Physicians    an4 

Surgeons    (Columbia   University),   New   York;    Attending 

Physician   to   the   Babies'    Hospital 

AND 

HENRY    L.     K.     SHAW,     M.D. 

Clinical    Professor   of   Diseases  of   Children   in   Albany    Medical   College 

(Union    University),    Albany,    N.    Y. ;    Attending    Physician    to 

St.    Margaret's    Hospital    for    Infants;    Director    of   the 

Division    of   Child    Hygiene,    New    York    State 

Department   of   Health 


AMERICAN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION 

FIVE  HUNDRED  AND  THIRTY-FIVE   NORTH    DEARBORN    STREET 
CHICAGO 


BIOLOGY 

LIBRARY 

G 

COPYRIGHT,  1915 

BY    THE 
AMERICAN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


#74" 


I.     BEFORE     THE     BABY     COMES 


Motherhood  should  cause  no  fear  of  trouble. 
Giving  birth  to  a  baby  is  natural  and  normal. 

As  soon  as  you  know  a  baby  is  coming,  engage  the 
best  doctor  you  can  afford  and  place  yourself  under 
his  care/ 

If  you  had  one  miscarriage,  another  may  be  pre- 
vented by  proper  treatment. 

If  you  cannot  afford  a  doctor,  apply  to  a  hospital  or 
dispensary  where  experienced  doctors  and  nurses  will 
advise  and  care  for  you. 

A  nervous,  overworked,  underfed  woman  cannot 
expect  to  have  a  strong,  vigorous  healthy  child. 

The  expectant  mother  requires  an  extra  amount  of 
sleep,  and  a  day-time  rest  for  an  hour  or  two  is  desir- 
able. She  should  keep  the  windows  open  while  she 
sleeps. 

Much  climbing  of  stairs  and  the  use  of  the  sewing 
machine  should  be  avoided  during  the  later  months  of 
pregnancy. 

Hard  household  or  factory  work  during  the  later 
months  of  preganacy  tend  to  bring  on  miscarriages, 
or  to  make  the  child  small  and  delicate. 

When  labor  is  threatened  before  the  proper  time, 
the  expectant  mother  should  go  to  bed  at  once  and 
remain  perfectly  quiet  until  the  danger  is  over. 

Walks  in  the  open  air  should  be  taken  during  the 
entire  course  of  pregnancy.  Exercise  in  the  fresh  air 
and  housework  with  the  windows  open  are  better  than 
medicine. 

Violent  exercise  in  any  form  should  be  avoided. 

Daily  bathing  is  necessary  for  the  best  health  of 
the  mother. 

At  least  one  satisfactory  movement  of  the  bowels 
should  take  place  every  day ;  if  there  is  any  difficulty 


851036 


about  this,  the  doctor  should  be  consulted,  for  it  is 
important. 

It  is  necessary  to  drink  plenty  of  water  so  that  the 
kidneys  will  act  freely. 

Loose,  comfortable  clothing  is  essential  to  the  com- 
fort of  the  mother  and  the  welfare  of  the  child.  Skirts 
and  dresses  should  hang  from  the  shoulders ;  but  no 
tight  bands  about  waist  or  chest. 

Breasts  and  nipples  should  be  kept  clean  and 
softened  with  a  little  vaseline  each  day;  this  will  make 
the  act  of  nursing  one  of  pleasure  and  satisfaction 
instead  of  one  of  pain  and  discomfort. 

Expectant  mothers  must  have  plenty  of  simple 
nourishing  food ;  the  baby  must  not  be  starved  before 
it  is  born.  Tea  and  crackers  will  not  make  milk  and 
strength.  Also,  highly  seasoned,  rich  and  fried  foods 
should  be  avoided.  Overeating  surely  taxes  the  organs 
which  care  for  waste  materials  and  may  cause  serious 
illness. 

DIET     FOR     MOTHERS 

The  following  diet  is  recommended  during  preg- 
nancy and  nursing. 

All  kinds  of  soups. 

All  kinds  of  fresh  fish,  boiled  and  broiled. 

Meats  —  once  a  day  —  beef,  mutton,  lamb,  veal, 
ham,  bacon,  chicken  or  turkey. 

Eggs  —  freely,  one  or  two  each  day. 

All  cooked  cereals  with  milk  and  cream  and  sugar. 

All  stale  breads,  avoiding  fresh  bread  and  rich 
cake. 

All  green  vegetables  —  peas,  string-beans,  aspar- 
agus, cauliflower,  onions,  spinach,  white  and  sweet 
potato,  celery,  lettuce  and  other  plain  salads  with  oil. 

Desserts  of  plain  custard  or  pudding,  ice  cream; 
no  pastry. 

Fruits  should  be  freely  taken-;  all  ripe  raw  fruits 
and  cooked  fruits. 

Drinks  —  milk,  buttermilk,  cocoa  and  plenty  of 
water,  one  or  two  quarts  daily ;  tea  and  coffee  spar- 
ingly and  not  strong,  once  a  day.  No  beer  or  other 
alcoholic  drinks. 


II.     WHAT     TO     PREPARE 


NECESSARY     THINGS     FOR     THE    BABY      . 

Three-quarter  yard  thin,  light-weight  flannel. 

Two  light-weight  woolen  blankets. 

Three  cotton  and  wool  undershirts. 

Three  flannel  skirts. 

Three  outing  flannel  gowns. 

Four  cotton  slips. 

One  and  one-half  dozen  diapers,  18  inches. 

One  and  one-half  dozen  diapers,  22  inches. 

One  box  boric  acid. 

One  box  talcum  powder. 

One  piece  Castile  soap. 

One-quarter  pound  sterile  gauze. 

One-quarter  pound  sterile  absorbent  cotton. 

Two  dozen  safety  pins,  large  and  small. 

One  set  of  scales. 

NECESSARY     THINGS     FOR     THE     MOTHER 

Three  nightgowns. 

One  and  one-half  yards  square  oil  cloth  or  rubber 
sheeting. 

Two  pounds  absorbent  cotton. 

Two  pounds  sterilized  gauze  or  equivalent  in  old 
clean  linen. 


,    III.     THE     NEW-BORN     BABY 


There  should  be  a  warm,  soft  blanket  to  receive  him. 

The  body  should  be  oiled,  not  bathed. 

The  eyes  should  be  carefully  cleansed  with  a  satu- 
rated solution  of  boric  acid,  and  into  each  eye  the 
doctor  or  nurse  should  put  two  or  three  drops  of  a 
2  per  cent,  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver  to  prevent  sore 
eyes  and  possibly  blindness. 

He  should  be  placed  in  a  quiet,  darkened  room, 
properly  protected  against  the  cold  but  not  sur- 
rounded with  too  many  hot  water  bags  or  bottles. 

NURSING 

He  should  not  be  put  to  the  breast  for  five  or  six 
hours. 

During  the.  first  twenty-four  hours  the  baby  should 
not  nurse  more  than  four  times,  but  both  breasts  each 
time.  If  he  cries  much,  he  should  have  boiled  water, 
but  not  any  kind  of  tea,  nor  sugar  and  water. 

Beginning  with  the  third  day,  when  the  milk  usually 
comes,  he  should  nurse  regularly  every  three  hours, 
alternating  the  breasts,  or  taking  both  breasts  each 
time  according  to  his  appetite  and  the  amount  of  milk 
secreted.  He  should  not  remain  at  the  breast  more 
than  twenty  minutes  in  all. 

Nursing  times  should  be  regular  by  the  clock; 
regular  feeding  means  regular  sleep  and  these  things 
make  the  care  of  the  baby  much  easier. 

In  the  beginning  it  is  well  to  waken  the  baby  at 
nursing  time ;  soon  he  forms  the  habit  of  waking  him- 
self at  the  regular  interval. 

In  case  the  milk  is  delayed  longer  than  the  third  day, 
the  baby  should  be  fed  at  three-hour  intervals,  but 
he  should  be  regularly  put  to  the  breast  first  in  order 
to  stimulate  the  flow  of  milk. 


IV.     REASONS     WHY    YOU     SHOULD 
NURSE     YOUR     BABY 


Breast  milk  is  always  ready  and  is  never  sour. 

Breast  milk  does  not  have  to  be  prepared  or  mea- 
sured. 

It-  is  Nature's  method  and  was  intended  for  your 
baby. 

It  will  make  your  baby  strong  and  healthy. 

It  is  absolutely  free  from  germs  and  dirt. 

It  protects  your  baby  from  many  infants'  diseases. 

It  is  safer  for  the  baby.  Ten  bottle-fed  babies  die 
to  one  fed  on  the  breast. 

It  is  the  only  perfect  food  for  the  baby. 

It  contains  the  proper  elements  of  food  in  the  right 
proportion  for  the  growing  child. 

Breast-fed  babies  seldom  have  bowel  trouble,  which 
is  so  fatal  in  bottle-fed  babies,  especially  during  hot 
weather. 

Your  baby  will  have  the  best  chance  of  living  if  it 
is  breast  fed. 


V.     ADVICE     TO     NURSING     MOTHERS 


Keep  yourself  well.  As  long  as  you  are  well,  your 
baby  will  probably  be  well. 

Don't  get  discouraged  if  you  have  but  little  milk 
at  first.  Feed  the  baby  a  little  from  the  bottle  after 
nursing  when  necessary;  but  do  not  give  up  nursing. 
Be  patient  and  try  again. 

Eat  plain,  nutritious  food.  Avoid  salads,  pickles 
and  spicy  foods. 

Drink  plenty  of  water  and  milk.  Avoid  tea,  coffee 
and  alcoholic  beverages. 

Nurse  the  baby  regularly.  Feed  him  by  the  clock 
and  not  longer  than  twenty  minutes  at  one  time. 

Until  he  is  four  months  old,  nurse  every  three  hours 
up  to  1-0  p.  m.  and  only  .once  during  the  night;  seven 
nursings  in  twenty-four  hours. 

After  he  is  four  months  old,  omit  all  night  nursings ; 
give  but  six  nursings  in  twenty-four  hours. 

When  six  months  old,  nurse  every  four  hours 
(usually  giving  both  breasts  each  time)  ;  only  five 
nursings  in  twenty-four  hours. 

When  the  baby  cries  between  feedings,  give  him 
cooled,  boiled  water  without  anything  in  it. 

Do  not  wean  or  give  any  other  feeding  without  con- 
sulting a  doctor. 


VI.     WEANING     FROM     THE     BREAST 


If  a  mother  becomes  pregnant,  or  has  any  serious 
or  severe  acute  illness,  the  baby  should  be  weaned. 

Under  other  circumstances,  if  the  baby  is  thriving, 
the  nursing  should  be  continued  for  nine  or  ten  months 
without  other  food. 

Weaning  should  be  done  gradually,  if  possible,  by 
giving  the  baby  at  first  one,  and  later  two  or  more 
feedings  from  the  cup  or  bottle  in  place  of  a  nursing. 

The  number  of  feedings  should  be  gradually 
increased  until  the  baby  is  taken  entirely  from  the 
breast  at  eleven  or  twelve  months. 

If  the  baby  is  weaned  before  eight  months  he  should 
be  taught  to  take  the  bottle ;  if  at  ten  or  eleven  months 
old,  it  is  better  to  teach  him  to  drink  or  feed  from 
a  spoon. 

If  possible,  weaning  during  the  summer  months 
should  be  avoided. 


VII.     ARTIFICIAL     OR     BOTTLE-FEEDING 


There  is  no  perfect  substitute  for  breast  milk. 

Clean  fresh  cow's  milk  properly  modified  is  the 
best  substitute  available. 

Patent  foods  should  be  avoided ;  they  are  not  fresh ; 
they  are  expensive,  and  the  babies  fed  on  them  are 
more  liable  to  be  sick  than  those  fed  on  cow's  milk. 

CARE    OF  "THE    MILK 

Buy  only  clean  milk,  from  a  clean  milkman  and  keep 
it  clean  in  your  home. 

Buy  for  the  baby  the  freshest  milk  you  can  get, 
but  not  the  richest  milk. 

If  possible^  only  milk  delivered  in  bottles  should 
be  used. 

Dipped  milk  is  never  clean  and  never  quite  safe; 
dirt  and  flies  are  likely  to  get  into  it. 

If  such  milk  is  used,  it  should  always  be  kept 
covered. 

When  received,  the  milk  should  be  put  immediately 
on  ice  and  kept  there.  Warm  milk  readily  spoils  and 
spoiled  milk  will  make  the  baby  sick. 

One  should  never  leave  an  open  pitcher  out  of  doors 
for  the  milkman  to  pour  milk  into. 

One  should  never  allow  milk  to  stand  about  the 
house  in  open  vessels  nor  on  the  steps  in  the  sun. 

Not  only  the  bottles  and  dishes  used,  but  the  hands 
of  the  mother  should  be  very  clean  before  preparing 
the  milk. 

New  rubber  nipples  should  be  boiled.  All  nipples 
after  using  should  be  carefully  washed  in  soap  and 
water  and  kept  covered  in  a  glass  containing  boric 
acid  or  baking  soda  and  water.  They  should  be  rinsed 
before  using. 

Bottles  should  be  rinsed  when  emptied  and  then 
kept  filled  with  water.  Before  preparing  the  food  for 


11 

the  day  they  should  be  thoroughly  washed  with  hot 
suds  and  placed  for  ten  minutes  in  boiling  water. 

During  the  summer  the  milk  should  always  be  boiled 
or  pasteurized.  Boiling  milk  kills  the  germs  and  makes 
the  milk  safer. 

In  preparing  the  milk  for  the  baby  it  is  easier  to 
fix  the  entire  supply  for  the  day  at  one  time.  The 
proper  quantity  for  each  feeding  is  put  in  a  separate 
bottle. 

The  milk  may  be  pasteurized  by  placing  these  bot- 
tles in  a  deep  saucepan  filled  with  cold  water  and 
left  on  the  stove  until  the  water  boils.  Then  remove 
from  the  stove  to  a  table  and  allow  the  bottles  of 
milk  to  stand  in  the  hot  water  for  twenty  minutes. 
Then  cool  by  placing  them  in  cold  water,  afterwards 
putting  them  on  ice.  Rapid  cooling  is  of  great  impor- 
tance. 

When  milk  is  boiled,  this  should  be  done  in  the 
separate  feeding  bottles  after  it  is  prepared. 

A     HOME-MADE     ICE     BOX 

This  may  be  made  as  follows :  Get  from  your 
grocer  a  deep  box  about  18  inches  square  and  put 
3  inches  of  sawdust  in  the  bottom.  Place  two  pails 
in  this  box,  one,  a  smaller  pail,  inside  the  other,  and 
fill  the  space  between  the  outer  pail  and  the  box  with 
sawdust.  The  nursing  bottles  filled  with  milk  are 
placed  in  the  inner  pail.  This  pail  is  then  filled  with 
cracked  ice  which  surrounds  the  bottles.  The  inner 
pail  should  have  a  tin  cover.  Nail  several  thicknesses 
of  newspaper  on  the  under  surface  of  the  cover  of 
the  box.  This  ice-box  should  be  kept  covered  and 
in  a  shady,  cool  place.  The  water  from  melted  ice 
should  be  poured  off  and  the  ice  renewed  at  least  once 
each  day. 

PREPARATION     OF     THE     FOOD 

The  simplest  plan  is  to  use  whole  milk  (from  a 
shaken  bottle)  which  is  to  be  diluted  according  to 
the  child's  age  and  digestion. 

Beginning  on  the  third  day,  the  average  baby  should 
be  given  3  ounces  of  milk  daily,  diluted  with  7  ounces 


12 

of  water.  To  this  should  be  added  one  tablespoonful 
of  lime  water  and  two  level  teaspoonfuls  of  sugar. 
This  should  be  given  in  seven  feedings. 

At  one  week,  the  average  child  requires  5  ounces 
of  milk  daily,  which  should  be  diluted  with  10  ounces 
of  water.  To  this  should  be  added  one  and  a  half 
even  tablespoon fuls  of  sugar  and  1  ounce  of  lime 
water.  This  should  be  given  in  seven  feedings. 

The  milk  should  be  increased  by  y2.  ounce  about 
every  four  days. 

The  water  should  be  increased  by  y2  ounce  about 
every  eight  days. 

At  three  months,  the  average  child  requires  16 
ounces  of  milk  daily,  which  should  be  diluted  with 
16  ounces  of  water.  To  this  should  be  added  three 
tablespoonfuls  of  sugar  and  2  ounces  of  lime  water. 
This  should  be  given  in  six  feedings. 

The  milk  should  be  increased  by  y2  ounce  about 
every  six  days. 

The  water  should  be  reduced  by  y2  ounce  about 
every  two  weeks. 

At  six  months,  the  average  child  requires  24  ounces 
of  milk  daily,  which  should  be  diluted  with  12  ounces 
of  water.  To  this  should  be  added  2  ounces  of  lime 
water  and  3  even  tablespoons ful  of  sugar.  This  should 
be  given  in  five  feedings. 

The  amount  of  milk  should  be  increased  by  y2  ounce 
every  week. 

The  milk  should  be  increased  only  if  the  child  is 
hungry  and  digesting  his  food  well.  It  should  not  be 
increased  unless  he  is  hungry,  nor  if  he  is  suffering 
from  indigestion  even  though  he  seems  hungry. 

At  nine  months,  the  average  child  requires  30  ounces 
of  milk  daily,  which  should  be  diluted  with  10  ounces 
of  water.  To  this  should  be  added  two  even  table- 
spoonfuls  of  sugar  and  2  ounces  of  lime  water.  This 
should  be  given  in  five  feedings. 

The  sugar  added  may  be  milk  sugar  or  if  this  cannot 
be  obtained  cane  (granulated)  sugar  or  maltose 
(malt  sugar). 


13 

At  first  plain  water  should  be  used  to  dilute  the 
milk. 

At  three  months,  sometimes  earlier,  a  weak  barley 
water  may  be  used  in  the  place  of  plain  water;  it  is 
made  y2  level  tablespoonful  of  barley  flour  to  16 
ounces  of  water  and  cooked  for  twenty  minutes. 

At  six  months,  the  barley  flour  may  be  increased 
to  1%  even  tablespoonfuls,  cooked  in  the  12  ounces  of 
water. 

At  nine  months,  the  barley  flour  may  be  increased 
to  3  level  tablespoonfuls,  cooked  in  the  8  ounces  of 
water. 

A  very  large  baby  may  require  a  little  more  milk 
than  that  allowed  in  these  formulas. 

A  small  or  delicate  baby  will  require  less  than  the 
milk  allowed  in  the  formulas. 

RULES     FOR     FEEDING 

Rules  for  bottle  feeding  must  be  carefully  observed ; 
regularity  is  very  important. 

From  the  outset  the  baby  should  not  be  fed  oftener 
than  every  three  hours  up  to  10  p.  m.  and  one  feeding 
later  during  the  night;  only  seven  feedings  in  the 
twenty-four  hours. 

After  four  months  no  night  feeding  after  10  p.  m. 
should  be  given ;  only  six  feedings  in  the  twenty-four 
hours. 

After  six  months  the  time  between  feedings  should 
be  made  four  hours  and  only  five  meals  given  in  the 
twenty-four  hours. 

The  bottle  should  always  be  held  while  the  child  is 
taking  his  food. 

After  feeding,  the  child  should  be  placed  upright 
and  patted  to  allow  him  to  bring  up  the  gas,  generally 
air  which  he  has  swallowed.  He  should  then  be  placed 
in  his  crib,  but  not  rocked. 

A  child  should  never  be  played  with  after  feeding. 

He  should  not  be  allowed  to  suck  on  an  empty  bottle. 

He  should  not  be  allowed  to  sleep  with  the  nipple 
in  his  mouth. 


14 

If  a  child  does  not  take  all  his  feeeding,  what  is  left 
should  be  thrown  away ;  never  warmed  over  again 
for  a  later  feeding. 

Unless  a  child  has  loose  bowels  he  should  be  given 
from  one  to  three  tablespoonfuls  of  strained  fruit  juice 
once  a  day  after  he  is  seven  or  eight  months  old. 

After  he  is  nine  months  old,  he  may  be  given 
squeezed  beef  juice,  beef  tea  or  plain  mutton  or  chicken 
broth,  once  a  day. 

When  he  is  ten  months  old,  he  may  have  part  of 
a  soft  egg,  a  small  piece  of  crisp  toast  or  zwieback 
or  a  crust  of  bread  to  chew,  immediately  after  his 
feeding. 

Other  solid  foods  should  not  be  given  during  the 
first  year. 

At  twelve  months,  he  may  take  his  milk  undiluted 
and  strained  cereal  may  be  given  twice  a  day. 


VIII.    FROM    THE    BOTTLE    TO    TABLE 
FOOD 


During  the  second  year,  the  child  should  have  four 
meals  a  day;  hours:  6  a.  m.,  10  a.  m.,  2  p.  m.,  6  p.  m. 
Nothing  but  water  should  be  allowed  between  his 
meals. 

At  twelve  months,  the  baby  should  be  weaned  from 
the  bottle  and  taught  to  drink  milk  from  a  cup. 

He  may  then  have  cereals  twice  a  day  which  should 
be  thoroughly  cooked  and  for  the  first  two  or  three 
months  they  should  be  strained. 

He  should  have  four  cups  of  milk  daily. 

When  fifteen  months  old,  he  may  have  at  first  a 
teaspoonful,  later  one  tablespoonful  of  rare  scraped 
beef,  mutton  or  chicken. 

When  eighteen  months  old  he  may  have  one-half  of 
a  mealy  baked  potato  daily. 

When  two  years  old,  he  may  have  most  of  the  fresh 
green  vegetables  when  thoroughly  cooked  and  finely 
mashed. 

Tea,  coffee,  cider,  wine,  beer,  soda-water  and  candy 
should  never  be  given  to  a  young  child. 

The  juice  of  fresh  fruits  may  be  given  after  twelve 
months. 

Cooked  fruit,  such  as  baked  apple  or  applesauce, 
should  be  given  once  a  day  after  a  child  is  eighteen 
months  old;  it  should  at  first  be  strained. 

Stale,  raw  fruits  are  especially  dangerous  in  the  city 
and  in  the  summer. 


IX.     DIET 


TWO    TO    THREE    YEARS 

Breakfast — 7:30  A.  M. 

The  juice  of  one  sweet  orange  or  the  pulp  of  four 
or  five  stewed  prunes,  or  applesauce. 

Either  a  well-cooked  cereal:  corn  meal,  Petti  John, 
oatmeal,  cracked  wheat,  wheatena,  all  well  salted  and 
not  more  than  one-half  teaspoonful  of  sugar,  and  milk 
added ;  or  soft  boiled  or  poached  egg  with  stale  bread 
or  crisp  toast. 

Glass  of  warmed  milk. 

10:30  A.  M. 

Glass  of  warmed  milk. 

Dinner — 1:30  to  2  P.  M. 

One-half  cup  of  broth  or  soup,  which  may  be 
chicken,  beef  or  mutton,  thickened  with  barley  or  rice. 

Chop,  rare  roast  beef,  rare  steak,  or  chicken  or 
broiled  fish. 

Boiled  or  baked  potato. 

Asparagus  tips,  carrots,  string  beans,  peas,  spinach. 
All  vegetables  should  be  very  thoroughly  cooked  and 
mashed. 

Dessert:  baked  apple,  plain  bread  or  rice  pudding, 
corn  starch,  custard,  junket,  or  stewed  prunes  with 
skins  removed.' 

Supper— 5:30   P.    M. 

Well-cooked  cereal,  or  bread  and  milk,  or  bread  and 
butter  and  cocoa,  and  stewed  fruit,  applesauce. 
Glass  of  warmed  milk. 
No  food  between  meals.    Water  several  times  a  day. 


X.    THINGS    WHICH    ARE    BAD    FOR    ALL 
BABIES 


Pacifiers. 

Thumb  sucking. 

Soothing  syrups. 

Patent  medicines. 

Whisky  or  gin  for  supposed  colic. 

Dirty  playthings,  dirty  nipples,  dirty  bottles,  dirty 
floors. 

Waterproof  diapers  except  for  temporary  use. 

Moving  picture  shows. 

Violent  rocking,  bouncing  and  rollicking  play  at 
any  time. 

Play  of  every  sort  after  feeding. 

Kissing  the  baby  on  his  mouth  either  by  the  family 
or  by  strangers. 

Testing  the  temperature  of  the  baby's  milk  by  taking 
the  nipple  in  the  mouth. 

Sucking  on  empty  bottles. 

Sleeping  on  the  mother's  breast  while  nursing. 

Sleeping  in  bed  with  the  mother. 

Spitting  on  handkerchief  to  remove  dirt  from  baby's 
face. 

Sneezing  and  coughing  in  the  baby's  face. 

Allowing  a  person  with  a  cough  or  cold  to  hold 
the  baby. 

Allowing  any  person  with  tuberculosis  to  take  care 
of  the  baby. 


The  baby  is  not  a  toy  or  a  plaything,  but  a  great 
responsibility — its  health,  growth  and  happiness  depend 
largely  on  you. 


XL     THE     SUMMER     CARE     OF     BABIES 


THE     BREAST-FED     BABIES 

Breast  milk  is  the  best  milk  for  the  summer. 

Breast-fed  babies  seldom  have  severe  diarrhea. 

If  they  vomit  or  have  acute  indigestion  it  is  usually 
because  they  are  fed  too  much  or  too  often,  or  because 
the  mother  is  so  sick  or  tired  out  that  her  milk  is  poor. 

In  very  hot  weather  the  baby  should  nurse  less 
often. 

Give  him  the  breast  only  every  four  hours,  but  give 
cooled  boiled  water  freely  between  the  nursings. 

THE     BOTTLE-FED     BABIES 

They  are  much  more  likely  to  get  diarrhea. 

If  they  have  diarrhea  it  is  much  more  often  severe. 

The  milk  must  be  clean  and  be  kept  cold. 

It  should  be  boiled  or  pasteurized. 

The  bottles  and  rubber  nipples  should  be  boiled  daily 
and  kept  very  clean. 

In  very  hot  weather  the  baby  needs  less  food  but 
more  to  drink.  His  milk  should  therefore  be  diluted 
with  boiled  water  and  cooled  boiled  water  given  freely 
between  feedings. 

SUMMER    DIARRHEA 

It  is  easier  to  prevent  diarrhea  than  to  cure  it. 
The  important  means  of  preventing  severe  diarrhea 
are: 

1.  Boil  all  milk  in  summer. 

2.  Dilute  the  baby's  food  in  very  hot  spells. 

3.  Stop  the  food  at  once  if  an  acute  diarrhea  begins. 
If  the  movements  become  loose  and  only  two  or 

three  a  day,  do  not  neglect  it  because  the  baby  happens 
to  be  teething ;  it  may  mean  the  beginning  of  a  serious 
illness, 

Dilute  the  food  with  an  equal  amount  of  boiled 
water  and  give  less  than  the  usual  amount  at  a  feeding. 


19 

If  the  movements  are  more  frequent  and  there  is 
vomiting  or  fever,  stop  all  food  at  once  and  give  only 
boiled  water,  and  call  a  doctor. 

After  twelve  hours  without  food,  barley  water, 
made  one  tablespoon  ful  to  one  pint,  may  be  given. 

Proper  treatment  at  the  beginning  of  a  diarrheal 
attack  is  worth  more  than  many  days'  treatment  later. 

GENERAL    CARE 

The  clothing  in  hot  weather  should  be  light  and  on 
very  hot  days  only  the  shirt,  band  and  napkin  worn. 

Bathe  the  baby  morning  and  evening  and  on  hot 
days  also  in  the  middle  of  the  day. 

Keep  the  skin  clean  and  well  powdered. 

Napkins  when  soiled  should  be  placed  at  once  in 
water  and  washed  as  soon  as  possible. 

The  baby  needs  fresh  air  quite  as  much  as  fresh 
food. 

Keep  him  out  of  doors  as  much  as  possible. 

Avoid  the  sun  on  hot  days. 

In  very  hot  weather  take  him  out  early  in  the  morn- 
ing and  in  the  late  afternoon  and  early  evening. 

It  is  often  cooler  in  the  house,  with  shutters  closed, 
in  the  middle  of  the  day. 

Take  the  baby  to  the  park,  to  the  beach  and  to  the 
country  whenever  you  can. 

AVOID    INFECTION 

Keep  the  room  free  from  soiled  clothes  and  rubbish. 

Do  not  let  the  baby  play  with  cats  or  dogs.  Cats 
and  dogs  carry  diseases  to  babies. 

Do  not  let  the  baby  crawl  around  on  a  dirty  floor  or 
dusty  carpet.  Place  him  on  a  clean  sheet  or  blanket. 

Keep  playthings  and  pacifiers  out  of  his  mouth. 

Flies  carry  disease  to  babies.  Screen  the  baby's 
room. 

Keep  flies  away  from  the  baby  and  his  food  at  all 
times. 

Cover  the  crib  or  carriage  with  netting  to  keep  out 
the  flies  and  mosquitoes. 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 

AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TQ  $LOO  O*J  JWE  SEVENTH 

°vERlwft<G)Jo£rY  ILl! 


REC'D  BIOS 


s  little 
ish  to 
of  any 
if  ever 

dress 
sal  the 
hat  we 
ropists 

race's 
kn. 


AN. 


LD  21-100m-7,'40  (6936s) 


r~ampniei 
Binder 

Gaylord  Bros.,  Inc. 

Makers 
Stockton,  Calif. 

FAT.  JAN.  21.  1908 


851036 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


